Opera voice teachers (from age 10-17; 1949-1956) in Long Beach and Los Angeles, CA:
- William Ripley Doerr (St. Luke’s Episcopal Church, Long Beach, CA)
- Maestro Guido Caselotti
- Madame Loretta Laurenti (German Lieder technique)
- Henny Warner
- Maestro Pietro Cimini (who personally knew Giacomo Puccini, Giuseppe Verdi, Amelita Galli-Curci, Beniamino Gigli, Luisa Tetrazzini)
- Eva Gustavson
- Roberto Camuñas